 |
GOVERNMENTS OF, BY AND FOR THE PEOPLE |
The Union Parliament
In the
modern democratic States, the functions are performed by distinct wings of the
Government which are more or less independent in their respective spheres. The
law-making wing is called the Legislature, the governing wing is
called the Executive and the wing that dispenses justice is
called the Judiciary. India, the largest democracy of the world,
has the same setup.
The Parliament is the supreme
legislative body of the country in England and India.
The
Federation in India has two levels of government - one at the centre and the
other in States and Union Territories. Both the Central and State governments
have three organs: Executive, Legislature and Judiciary.
In India, contrary to other Federations (like United States)
there is only one citizenship, one flag, and one constitution. There is also
single judiciary, not divided between the union and the states.
Parliament
is the legislative organ of the government. The central Legislature or the
Indian Parliament consists of three constituents-
==> the Lok Sabha
==> the Rajya Sabha
==> the President
The
Lok Sabha represents the people of the country, the Rajya Sabha represents the
Federating States.
The Lok Sabha
The Lower House of the Parliament of India is called House of the People or the 'Lok Sabaha', which is the representative body of the people.The maximum number of members of this House was fixed at 550 (After 1971 Census). All of its members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise, except two who are appointed by the President of India. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion or race, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha.
The Rajya Sabha
The Lok Sabha
The Lower House of the Parliament of India is called House of the People or the 'Lok Sabaha', which is the representative body of the people.The maximum number of members of this House was fixed at 550 (After 1971 Census). All of its members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise, except two who are appointed by the President of India. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion or race, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha.
The Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha is
also known as "Council of States" or the upper house.
Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. However, one
third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly
elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years. Its
members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the States.
The
Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all. Elections to it are
scheduled and the chamber cannot be dissolved. Each member has a term of 6
years and elections are held for one-third of the seats after every 2 years.
238 members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are to
be nominated by President of India
President of India
The President of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The President is the formal head of the executive, legislature and judiciary of India and is the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
The President is indirectly elected by the people through elected members of the Parliament of India (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) as well as of the state legislatures (Vidhan Sabhas and Vidhan Parishad) and serves for a term of five years. Historically, ruling party (majority in the Lok Sabha) nominees (for example, United Progressive Alliance nominee Shri Pranab Mukherjee) have been elected or largely elected unanimously.
